|
CHAPTER I. -
FINISHED 2/9/2021
SOURCES OF THE HISTORY OF THE
UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
|
| |
PAGES |
| The Underground Road as a subject for
research |
1 |
| Obscurity of the subject |
2 |
| Books dealing with the subject |
2 |
| Magazine articles on the Underground
Railroad |
5 |
| Newspaper articles on the subject |
6 |
| Scarcity of contemporaneous documents |
7 |
| Reminiscences the chief source |
11 |
| The value of reminiscences illustrated |
12 |
|
CHAPTER II.
- FINISHED 2/17/2022
ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF THE
UNDERGROUND ROAD
|
| Conditions under which the Underground
Road originated |
17 |
| The disappearance of slavery from the
Northern states |
17 |
| Early provisions for the return of
fugitive slaves |
19 |
| The Fugitive Slave clause in the
Ordinance of 1787 |
20 |
| The Fugitive Slave Law of 1793 |
21 |
| The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 |
22 |
| Desire for freedom among the slaves |
25 |
| Knowledge of Canada among the slaves |
27 |
| Some local factors in the origin of the
underground movement |
30 |
| The development of the movement in
eastern Pennsylvania, in New Jersey, and in New York |
33 |
| The development of the movement in the
New England states |
36 |
| The development of the movement in the
West |
37 |
| The naming of the Road |
44 |
|
CHAPTER III -
- Started 2/17/2022
THE METHODS OF THE UNDERGROUND
RAILROAD
|
| Penalties for aiding fugitive slaves |
47 |
| Social contempt suffered by
abolitionists |
48 |
| Espionage practised upon abolitionists |
50 |
| Rewards for the capture of fugitives and
the kidnapping of abolitionists |
52 |
| Devices to secure secrecy |
54 |
| Service at night |
54 |
| Methods of communication |
56 |
| Methods of conveyance |
59 |
| Zigzag and variable routes |
61 |
| Places of concealment |
62 |
| Disguises |
64 |
| Informality of management |
67 |
| Colored and white agents |
69 |
| City vigilance committees |
70 |
| Supplies for fugitives |
76 |
| Transportation of fugitives by rail |
78 |
| Transportation of fugitives by water |
81 |
| Rescue of fugitives under arrest |
83 |
|
CHAPTER IV
- FINISHED 2/15/2021 (except map)
UNDERGROUND AGENTS,
STATION-KEEPERS, OR CONDUCTORS
|
| Underground agents, station keepers, or
conductors |
87 |
| Their hospitality |
87 |
| Their principles |
89 |
| Their nationality |
90 |
| Their church connections |
93 |
| Their party affinities |
99 |
| Their local standing |
101 |
| Prosecutions of underground operators |
101 |
| Defensive League of Freedom proposed |
103 |
| Persons of prominence among underground
helpers |
104 |
|
CHAPTER V. -
- Started 2/17/2022
STUDY OF THE MAP OF THE
UNDERGROUND RAILROAD SYSTEM
|
| Geographical extent of underground lines |
113 |
| Location and distribution of stations |
114 |
| Southern routes |
116 |
| Lines of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and
New York |
120 |
| Routes of the New England states |
128 |
| Lines within the old Northwest Territory |
134 |
| Noteworthy features of the general map |
139 |
| Complex routes |
141 |
| Broken lines and isolated place names |
141 |
| River routes |
142 |
| Routes by rail |
142 |
| Routes by sea |
144 |
| Terminal stations |
145 |
| Lines of lake travel |
147 |
| Canadian ports |
148 |
|
CHAPTER VI
- Started 2/17/2022
ABDUCTION OF SLAVES FROM THE
SOUTH
|
| Aversion among underground helpers to
abduction of slaves |
150 |
| Abductions by negroes living along the
northern border of the slave states |
151 |
| Abductions by Canadian refugees |
152 |
| Abductions by white persons in the South |
153 |
| Abductions by white persons in the North |
154 |
| The Missouri raid of John Brown |
162 |
| John Brown's great plan |
166 |
| Abductions attempted in response to
appeals |
168 |
| Devotees of abduction |
178 |
|
CHAPTER VII
- Started 2/17/2022
LIFE OF THE COLORED REFUGEES
IN CANADA
|
| Slavery question in Canada |
190 |
| Flight of slaves to Canada |
192 |
| Refugees representative of the slave
class |
195 |
| Misinformation about Canada among slaves |
197 |
| Hardships borne by Canadian refugees |
198 |
| Efforts toward immediate relief for
fugitives |
199 |
| Attitude of the Canadian government |
201 |
| Conditions favorable to their settlement
in Canada |
203 |
| Sparseness of population |
203 |
| Uncleared lands |
204 |
| Encouragement of agricultural colonies
among refugees |
205 |
| Dawn Settlement |
205 |
| Elgin Settlement |
207 |
| Refugees' Home Settlement |
209 |
| Alleged disadvantages of the colonies |
211 |
| Their advantages |
212 |
| Refugee settlers in Canadian towns |
217 |
| Census of Canadian refugees |
220 |
| Occupations of Canadian refugees |
223 |
| Progress made by Canadian refugees |
224 |
| Domestic life of the refugees |
227 |
| School privileges |
228 |
| Organizations for self-improvement |
230 |
| Churches |
231 |
| Rescue of friends from slavery |
231 |
| Ownership of property |
232 |
| Rights of citizenship |
233 |
| Character as citizens |
233 |
|
CHAPTER VIII
-
FINISHED 2/10/2021
FUGITIVE SETTLERS IN THE
NORTHERN STATES
|
| Number of fugitive settlers in the North |
235 |
| The Northern states an unsafe refuge for
runaway slaves |
239 |
| Reclamation of fugitives in the free
states |
239 |
| Protection of fugitives in the free
states |
242 |
| Object of the personal liberty laws |
245 |
| Effect of the law of 1850 on fugitive
settlers |
246 |
| Underground operators among fugitives of
the free states |
251 |
|
CHAPTER IX. -
FINISHED 2/16/2022
PROSECUTION OF UNDERGROUND
RAILROAD MEN
|
| Enactment of the Fugitive Slave Law of
1793 |
254 |
| Grounds on which the constitutionality
of the measure was questioned |
254 |
| Denial of trial by jury to the fugitive
slave |
255 |
| Summary mode of arrest |
257 |
| The question of concurrent jurisdiction
between the federal and state governments in fugitive
slave cases |
259 |
| The law of 1793 versus the Ordinance of
1787 |
261 |
| Power of Congress to legislate
concerning the extradition of fugitive slaves denied |
263 |
| State officers relieved of the execution
of the law by the Prigg decision, 1842 |
264 |
| Amendment of the law of 1793 by the law
of 1850 |
265 |
| Constitutionality of the law of 1850
questioned |
267 |
| First case under the law of 1850 |
268 |
| Authority of a United States
commissioner |
269 |
| Penalties imposed for aiding and
abetting the escape of fugitives |
273 |
| Trial on the charge of treason in the
Christiana case, 1854 |
279 |
| Counsel for fugitive slaves |
281 |
| Last case under the Fugitive Slave Law
of 1850 |
285 |
| Attempted revision of the law |
285 |
| Destruction attacks upon the measure in
Congress |
286 |
| Lincoln's Proclamation of Emancipation |
287 |
| Repeal of the Fugitive Slave Acts |
288 |
|
CHAPTER X. -
Started 2/17/2022
THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD IN
POLITICS.
|
| Valuation of the Underground Railroad in
its Political aspect. |
290 |
| The question of the extradition of
fugitive slaves in colonial times |
290 |
| Importance of hte question in the
constitutional conventions |
293 |
| Failure of the Fugitive Slave Law of
1793 |
294 |
| Agitation for a more efficient measure |
295 |
| Diplomatic negotiations for the
extradition of colored refugees from Canada, 1826-1828 |
299 |
| The fugitive slave a missionary in the
cause of freedom |
300 |
| Slave-hunting in the free states |
302 |
| Preparation for th abolition movement of
1830 |
303 |
| The Underground Railroad and the
Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 |
308 |
| The law in Congress |
310 |
| The enforcement of the law of 1850 |
316 |
| The Underground Road and Uncle Tom's
Cabin |
321 |
| Political importance of the novel |
323 |
| Sumner of the influence of escaped
slaves in the North |
324 |
| The spirit of nullification in the North |
327 |
| The Glover rescue, Wisconsin, 1854 |
327 |
| The rendition of Burns, Boston, 1854 |
331 |
| The rescue of Addison White,
Mechanicsburg, Ohio, 1857 |
334 |
| The Oberlin-Wellington rescue, 1858 |
335 |
| Obstruction of the Fugitive Slave Law by
means of the personal liberty acts |
337 |
| John Brown's attempt to free the slaves |
338 |
|
CHAPTER XI. -
FINISHED 2/9/2021
EFFECT OF THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
|
| The Underground road the means of
relieving the South of many despairing slaves |
340 |
| Loss sustained by slave-owners through
underground channels |
340 |
| The United States census reports on
fugitive slaves |
342 |
| Estimate of the number of slaves
escaping into Ohio, 1830-1860 |
346 |
| Similar estimate for Philadelphia,
1830-1860 |
346 |
| Drain on the resources of the depot at
Lawrence, Kansas, described in a letter of Col. J.
Bowles, April 4, 1859 |
347 |
| Work of the Underground Railroad as
compared with that of the American Colonization Society |
350 |
| The violation of the Fugitive Slave Law
a chief complaint of Southern states at the beginning of
the Civil War |
351 |
| Refusal of the Canadian government to
yield up the fugitive Anderson, 1860 |
352 |
| Session of the Southern states begun |
353 |
| Conclusion of the fugitive slave
controversy |
355 |
| General effect and significance of the
controversy |
356 |
|
ILLUSTRATIONS, PORTRAITS, FACSIMILES
AND MAPS
|
|
The Underground Railroad: Levi Coffin
receiving a company of fugitives in the outskirts of
Cincinnati, Ohio |
Frontispiece |
| Isaac T. Hopper |
17 |
| The Runaway: a stereotype cut used on
handbills advertising escaped slaves |
27 |
| Crossing-place on the Ohio River at
Steubenville, Ohio |
47 |
| The Rankin House, Ripley, Ohio |
47 |
| Facsimile of an Underground Message |
on page 57 |
| Barn of Seymour Finney, Detroit,
Michigan |
65 |
| The Old First Church, Galesburg,
Illinois |
65 |
| William Still |
75 |
| Levi Coffin |
87 |
|
Frederick Douglass |
104 |
| Caves in Salem Township, Washington
County, Ohio |
130 |
| House of Mrs. Elizabeth Buffum Chace,
Valley Falls, Rhode Island |
130 |
| The Detroit River at Detroit, Michigan |
147 |
| Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio |
147 |
| Ellen Craft as she escaped
from Slavery |
163 |
|
MAPS
|
| Map of the Underground Railroad System |
Facing page 113 |
| Map of Underground Lines in Southeastern
Pennsylvania |
Facing page 113 |
| Map of Underground Lines in Morgan
County, Ohio |
On page 136 |
| Lewis Falley's Map of the Underground
Routes of Indiana and Michigan |
On page 138 |
| Map of an Underground Line through
Livingston and La Salle Counties, Illinois |
On page 139 |
| Map of Underground Lines through Greene,
Warren and Clinton Counties, Ohio |
On page 140 |
|
APPENDICES
|
| |
PAGES |
| APPENDIX A: Constitutional
Provisions and National Acts relative to Fugitive
Slaves, 1787-1850 |
359-366 |
| APPENDIX B: List of Important
Fugitive Slave Cases |
367-377 |
| APPENDIX C: Figures from the
United States Census Reports relating to Fugitive Slaves |
378,379 |
| APPENDIX D: Bibliography |
380-402 |
| APPENDIX E: Directory of the names
of Underground Railroad Operators and Members of
Vigilance Committees |
403-439 |
